maths-stats

Graphics for Machine Learning

Chart Types

Bar Chart

A bar chart uses bars to show comparisons between categories of data. These bars can be displayed horizontally or vertically.

Histogram

It provides a visual interpretation of numerical data by showing the number of data points that fall within a specified range of values (called “bins”).

Histogram Line Chart

A frequency polygon is a graph constructed by using lines to join the midpoints of each interval, or bin

Scatter Plot

This diagram is used to find the correlation between these two variables, how they are related.

• Chart1- Scatter Diagram with Strong Negative Correlation

• Chart2- Scatter Diagram with Weak Negative Correlation

• Chart3- Scatter Diagram with Strong Positive Correlation

• Chart4- Scatter Diagram with Weak Positive Correlation

• Chart5- Scatter Diagram with Weakest (or no) Correlation

For more details, you can watch these series of videos.

Box Plot

box plot

box plot

Bubble Chart

bubble chart

• Colors rate the cut of the diamond

• The size of the bubbles and the clarity

• The size of the diamond in the horizontal

• It shows the price in the vertical

Pie Chart & Donut Chart

pie chart

donut chart

Pie Chart Example

correct answer: B

correct answer: D

Stacked Bar Chart

Stacked Area Chart

Heat Map

A heat map is a graphical representation where individual values of a matrix are represented as colors. A heat map is very useful in visualizing the concentration of values between two dimensions of a matrix. This helps in finding patterns and gives a perspective of depth.

To better understand the table above, a heat map is more useful:

Recap

Below flow chart is very handy when choosing the best chart type to use.

These are the chart types we'll cover here. Of course, there are many more.

Common Functions Reference

Linear Functions

linear function

m = (change in y) / (change in x) -----> Slope or Gradient (how steep the line is)

b = value of y when x=0 ----> just to see where the line crosses the Y axis.

positive - negative slope

Linear Function Example

positive slope

negative slope

Parabolic Functions

b is easy: just see where the line crosses the Y axis.

parabolic function

Cube Functions

Square Root Functions

How Polynomials Behave

A polynomial looks like this:

Even values of "n"

Odd values of "n"

Examples

correct answer: B

correct answer: A

Exercises

1- What is "Numerical Reasoning Test"? Where is it used?

2- Go on to this site and take the Numerical Reasoning test. (I advise you to solve it without time limit.)

Good luck!